unjapanologist: (Default)
unjapanologist ([personal profile] unjapanologist) wrote2009-01-05 06:55 pm

James Potter loves Snape in Japanese fan comics. Any idea why that's so?

My Ph.D research focuses on narrative differences between Japanese fanwork (dojinshi) and English-language fanwork (fanfics). To find out whether there really are significant differences between these two media, content-wise, I did a small-scale test using six fanfics and four dojinshi, all of them James/Snape. I compared only a small number of narrative elements (will be more in the 'real' research) and tried to list them in a nice clean data set. Below I list the narrative elements I looked at, summarize the resulting data, and offer a short first assessment -possible explanations, remarks, and ideas for further inquiry. I'll continue adding to them, and would love to hear any insights or ideas from others. You can view the complete data set in full screen here (please read next paragraph before clicking). If any of this catches your eye, let me know what you think!

Important notes before analyzing fun begins: Please don't link directly to the full-screen version of the data set, as there's no way to include this text there. The summaries of the fanfics and dôjinshi included in the set were written by me for the purpose of contrasting the narratives, and they contain SPOILERS for the stories. The ratings/warnings are the original author's; please pay attention to them before clicking any links, since the stories may contain adult material. If you think I've misrepresented or misinterpreted something, please let me know and I'll correct the information right away. If you're the author of a fanfic/dôjinshi included in the data set and you feel this is cruel and unusual abuse of your work, or you just don't want it mentioned anywhere, drop me a note and I'll remove identifying information from the entry (author name, title, link, summary) or remove the entry altogether.


  • Ship (based on anecdotal evidence)
    Data: The ship/kappuringu of James Potter and Severus Snape appears to be relatively common in dôjinshi, while it occurs only very infrequently (a “rarepair”) in fanfic.
    In HP canon, the idea of this pair of characters being in a romantic relationship is unthinkable. Are fanfic writers less inclined than dôjinshika to tackle a kappuringu/ship they know is a flagrant violation of HP canon? Are there more of these “strange” kappuringu/ships in dôjinshi than in fanfic?
  • Dominant/submissive partner
    Data: A constant in all fanfics and dôjinshi is that James is the dominant and Snape the submissive partner.i
    In canon, James and his friends bully Snape while they attend school,casting Snape as a victim during his acquaintance with James. However, as an adult Snape becomes a powerful figure of authority and is cast as the dominant partner in many fanfics featuring him in another “ship”. Anecdotal evidence suggest that in dôjinshi, he continues to be cast as the submissive partner as an adult, far more often than in fanfic. Are dominant-submissive roles in dôjinshi really that much stricter than in fanfic (once submissive, always submissive)?
  • Narrator
    Data: James is narrator in all dôjinshi, with Snape taking over in only a few scenes. Snape is narrator in all fanfics while James narrates only a handful of times there.
    There is little canon information about James, who died a decade before the chronological starting point of the HP series. Do dôjinshika feel more comfortable than fanfic writers in fleshing out a minor character that is almost a blank sheet? Why do they consistently prefer this narrator over Snape, a character with a distinctive voice in canon?
  • Initial relationship
    Data: James and Snape start out from some form of enmity in five out of six fanfics, while all four dôjinshi have them start out on neutral or friendly terms.
    Four out of six fanfics begin with mention of a scene from canon, reminding readers of the bad blood between the characters. None of the dôjinshi start out by referencing a canon element (though one does in the middle of the story). Do dôjinshi use fewer elements from canon such as key incidents or locations in order to situate characters? Why?
  • Outcome of relationship
    Data: Three out of four dôjinshi end with Snape and James in a (budding) relationship. A fourth dôjinshi depicts them apart but still acting in a protective manner towards one another. None of the six fanfics have a happy ending. In one fanfic, Snape loves James, but both die; in two fanfics, they terminate a purely sexual relationship; three fanfics end with James forcing Snape into non-consensual sex and thus deepening the hatred between them.
    Only one fanfic even makes mention of “love”, while three out of four dôjinshi do. Are dôjinshi writers more keen to write relationships involving affection, in spite of the fact that such sentiments have no basis whatsoever in canon?
  • Presence of canon love interest
    Data: In the dôjinshi examined, the canon girlfriend/later wife of James Potter, Lily, is simply nonexistent while James happily woos Snape. In the fanfics, she plays a significant (off-screen) role in five out of six fanfics, always in a context of James being involved with her or choosing her over Snape.
    Do dôjinshika ignore Lily because they see little value in sticking close to canon, or because women almost never feature in yaoi stories? Most of the characters Snape is paired with in fanwork have canon love interests. Do all of these women simply disappear in dôjinshi?ii
  • Sexual acts
    Data: Three out of four dôjinshi feature no more than some kissing and groping, while five out of six fanfics show explicit scenes involving penetration
    These dôjinshi do not confirm the medium's general reputation for sexual explicitness. Other HP dôjinshi I have perused seem, mostly, equally lacking in explicit scenes. Is this characteristic of this particular kappuringu, of HP dôjinshi in general, or of women-authored dôjinshi?
  • Consent during sex
    Data: In dôjinshi, the sexual activity between the two main characters is obviously consensual in three out of four cases; only one dôjinshi has the two in a sexual situation that involves a hint of dubious consent. In the fanfics there is clear mutual consent in three cases, one case of extremely dubious consent, and two sexual situations that are clearly non-consensual.
    Are there really comparatively few depictions of non-consensual sex in dôjinshi (made by and for women)? Why? (Note: fanfics tend to make it quite clear whether a sexual encounter is “dub-con” or “non-con”. However, in dôjinshi it is extremely common during sex scenes that “submissive” partners, male or female, utter exclamations such as “stop” or “no” throughout the proceedings, and such lines are not taken to indicate a lack of consent from the submissive partner, making it hard to determine whether a dôjinshi sex scene is “dub-con”.)
  • Adherence to canon (based on anecdotal evidence)
    Data: Dôjinshi deviate far more radically from the canon of the source work than fanfics.
    Fanfic writers tend to be praised for adhering closely to canon.iv Concern with adhering to an established factual canon seems much less marked in dôjinshi. What is the relationship between dôjinshika and source work authors in Japan? Do dôjinshika actively dislike adhering to canon?
  • Appearance of characters
    Data: In all four dôjinshi, both characters are drawn to appear attractive. Five out of six fanfics make some negatively worded reference to Snape's appearance, while no fanfic describes him as good-looking. James is described as handsome in two fanfics, while four do not mention his appearance.
    In the original HP books, James is said to be a handsome young man while Snape is described as physically unattractive. In dôjinshi, Snape acquires all the hallmarks of a bishônen -the androgynous “beautiful boy” figure that has been a staple of Japanese media throughout centuries. His most conspicuous facial feature in canon, an overlarge hooked nose, is nowhere to be seen in dôjinshi. Why do dôjinshika try so hard to prettify Snape?

Check out the data here.

[identity profile] mithen.livejournal.com 2009-01-12 04:32 am (UTC)(link)
I was pointed here by [livejournal.com profile] ithiliana because I'm interested in studying Japanese fandom and have been stumbling over consent issues a bit. This looks like a very interesting point of departure, to look at pairings from each culture and explore how they're constructed! I'm especially intrigued by the way the seme/uke dynamic stays the same in the doujinshi but the power relationships seem to shift quite often in the Western fanfics. There seems to be more enjoyment of deliberately tilting the power differential in Western fic. I'm also fascinated by the doujinshi ignoring what the fanfic take as a mandatory moment in canon to explore (I assume it's the flashback scene of James bullying Snape?) I wonder if in part that's because bullying is more likely to be taken for granted in Japan and perhaps the event seen as less deeply traumatizing to Snape...but here I'm on thin ice and speculation.

Anyway--very interesting!

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-01-12 10:54 am (UTC)(link)
Praise be thin ice and speculation, that's exactly what I'm looking for here ;) Better get all the possibilities on the table first, and later we can try and see which are most likely to be true. I studied seme/uke dynamics for my masters thesis about three years ago and am pretty glad to be getting back to the topic -it's fascinating. Where have you been stumbling, exactly?

I'm going to do a more detailed comparison of references to canon scenes in fics and dj, but I did get the impression from this that there's more of that in in fic than in djs. Actually, the event referenced most often in fic was Snape nearly getting killed by the werewolf through the fault of James' friends (which never happens onscreen in canon). James saved Snape's life then, although it didn't change their bitter enmity. Perhaps fic writers, apparently more preoccupied with linking things to canon, like to latch onto that moment because it's the only known interaction between Snape and James that might possibly be construed as non-hostile (and thus a starting point for JP/SS)?

Very interesting point about the bullying scene. I do wonder what makes dojinshika able to portray James as an all-round 'good guy' (at least in the twenty or so JP/SS djs I've looked at), when James' signature scene in canon is indeed one that shows him humiliating a fellow student. It's a pretty hideous scene, not the garden variety I'll-turn-your-hair-blue kind of schoolboy bullying. Maybe it's partly because being depicted as a bully isn't quite so damning for a character in Japan? I'll have to look into whether Japanese fans are more likely to expect Snape not to take too much offense at being bullied. It might explain quite a bit about his apparent lack of serious negative feelings towards James in djs.

Actually, fic writers don't seem to use the bullying scene much either -at least in JP/SS fics, I've seen it in other fics plenty of times. Fic writers might want to ignore the bullying scene when writing JP/SS because it's such a painful incident that any vaguely non-hostile relationship between James and Snape sounds impossible afterwards. The werewolf scene leaves some doors open for a JP/SS relationship, but the bullying scene shuts and bolts them all. Fic writers can be pretty good at ignoring canon too :)
Edited 2009-01-12 10:54 (UTC)

[identity profile] mithen.livejournal.com 2009-01-12 11:32 am (UTC)(link)
Ah, the rescue scene! It tells you something about my reaction to the idea of James/Severus that I totally forgot it. :) I do suspect that a certain amount of "hazing" is considered more acceptable in Japanese fandom, although I don't have any proof for that--I can just fairly easily tilt my imagination and see what James is doing as a sort of "teaching you manners for your own good" kind of behavior, although it would fit the mold better if he were older than Snape.

My stumbling when studying has mostly been in issues of privacy--I have a couple of Japanese friends in fandom and they're fiercely, fiercely protective of their privacy and being "studied" at all from what I've seen. Despite the doujinshi market and the existence of semi-mainstream yaoi, there are still a lot of repercussions for people discovered as creating art for fandom. The culture here seems to be that you're free to do what you like in your private time as long as there is no hint of it in your public life at all. One of my friends recently took down her entire art gallery because it was linked to on [livejournal.com profile] metafandom, and she considered that a pretty serious violation. Japanese fans online tend to try and make themselves pretty hard to find unless you're "in the know," and academic analysis that gives them away at all would be kind of risky for my relationships with them. Studying doujinshi actually seems somewhat safer than studying online fandom in some ways...

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-01-12 12:31 pm (UTC)(link)
One of the things I'm most interested in is how much of a 'mold' there still is in the uke/seme scheme. The general pattern seems to stay the same, but four or five years ago when I was really into that particular subject, I came across exceptions to the uke/seme rules (like the one about age) very often even without consciously looking for them. Often enough to make me wonder if the uke/seme thing is really as rigid as people think it is. Of course more research is necessary here, but I suspect that European and American fans have preconceptions about how a given pairing should look that are just as 'fixed' as uke/seme (should make that seme/uke, probably). Maybe the preconceptions of Japanese fans are just more 'organized' than those in Western fandom. Does that make any sense at all? :)

Ah, I'm stuck on pretty much the same problem with regards to interacting with Japanese fans. One of the most important things for me, research-wise, is involving others (fans, academics, whoever's interested) as much as possible instead of spending four years just turning my own little theories around in my head. I feel quite comfortable asking people on LJ or IJ what they think, and when I do a final big writeup of the research and ask around whether I'm allowed to quote people, I'm confident that a majority won't mind.

I really want to contact the authors of the djs I use and ask for their opinions (on the off chance they'd volunteer some :) At least, I want them to know I've used their stuff -there's no legal obligation for me to inform them or anything, it just seems like the polite and respectful thing to do, particularly in a fannish context. However, things like the situation you describe make me wonder if it would really be a good idea to contact them. If they asked me to remove all mention of their dj from my research, I'd oblige them, but that wouldn't be very methodologically sound.

Maybe it would be best to stick to the djs and not involve the authors at all. Basically, no problem, since my first and foremost goal is to examine what the content of dojinshi is; speculations about author motivations come second. But I'd feel kind of bad going out of my way to directly involve ficcers on the one hand and totally ignoring djka on the other. At the moment, I don't have any contacts among djka (well, one, but I haven't talked with her about this yet). How do you believe people would react if I contacted them to point out I'm using their dj for research? Would they ask me to withdraw the material?

*roots around in bookmarks* Reminds me of these two articles about online anonimity in Japan:
http://clast.diamondagency.jp/en/?p=129
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/09/26/business/AS-TEC-Japan-Shy-Internet.php

[identity profile] mithen.livejournal.com 2009-01-13 12:42 am (UTC)(link)
Oh, those two articles are fascinating, thank you! Just the kind of thing I'm interested in.

I'd love it if you found evidence that seme/uke weren't so set in stone in Japan! I haven't seen much evidence against it in my corner of fandom (my Japanese friend likes Batman/Superman and had to find Western fandom to get her fix as Japanese fandom is nearly all Superman/Batman; in the Western fandom I'm not sure most people even know there's a difference!) but I'd like it to be so. :) I do like that your doujinshi aren't terribly explicit--we tend to assume they're all super-explicit, but in my experience they're not (the explicit ones do stand out mentally, however!)

I think there's a moderately good chance your djka might request you not to use their material, which would be a real shame! Are there enough doujinshis out there that you could keep trying until you had a good number? Though then there's some built-in sampling error in that I'd suspect the djka who saw their work as more "Western-compliant" would be more likely to give permission, hmmm. I'd definitely ask the person you know what they'd think, and I'd be really interested in the answer. It would be a shame to have so much more extensive feedback from the Western fans than Asian, but...that might well be part of what you talk about, that there just isn't a culture of talking about these issues as a community in Japan.

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-01-13 11:11 am (UTC)(link)
I was a bit suprised at not finding many really explicit dojinshi among my samples. Of course this was a very tiny little test, done just to see if the topic would be interesting to pursue further, so the margin for error is huge. I might just have grabbed the wrong dojinshi off the shelf. But I do get the impression that there's far more comedy and non-sexual stuff in dojinshi than you'd guess from the dojinshi news available in English.

There's more Harry Potter djs out there than I could ever examine, so number-wise, it would be perfectly doable to leave some out if the authors requested it. It's more of a methodological problem. Choosing samples so that they're pretty much representative of the entirety of dojinshi produced is a fuzzy enough science as it is. Dropping samples en masse for no reason other than that the authors requested it could really skew results, if a lot of authors do this...

Indeed, this probably should be one of the things I discuss in more detail. I can already see it's going to be an interesting and hugely annoying issue :) (Right now I'm also brainstorming on how to narrow down about a billion gazillion Harry Potter fanfics to a few hundred representative samples. In a few weeks I'll scream if you utter the phrase 'built-in sampling error' at me again, I'm sure.)

Aw, hell. Feeling very torn between fandom loyalty and academic rigor right now. I'm going to discuss this with my supervisors too... One of them is a Japanese professor who knows more dojinshi people than I do, maybe she can pull a rabbit out of a hat on this. I'll let you know if she has any good ideas as per communication with Japanese djka.

[identity profile] mithen.livejournal.com 2009-01-14 04:11 am (UTC)(link)
"BUILT-IN SAMPLING ERROR!" Muahaha! Oh, phrases that haunt an academic's nightmares...

I hear you about the fandom loyalty versus the academic rigor. The only published essays I wrote on fandom I wrote before I became an active fan, and they make me cringe now. Once I started to truly be part of fandom (I learned about fandom and slash from my classes, kind of the reverse of how most people would go about it!) I stopped being able to write about it, although I still see everything in it with an academic's eye...

[identity profile] elethian.livejournal.com 2009-01-15 06:24 am (UTC)(link)
A constant in all fanfics and dôjinshi is that James is the dominant and Snape the submissive partner.

(NB I know your sample was small, I'm just saying:) I have read fics where Severus was the dominant partner to James, both in the context of abuse (even rape), and in a more conventionally "romantic" context (not exactly, but there are at least some softer emotions going around). I agree though that the majority are the other way around.

His most conspicuous facial feature in canon, an overlarge hooked nose, is nowhere to be seen in dôjinshi. Why do dôjinshika try so hard to prettify Snape?

I don't know if it's conscious, although some of it may be. I think it's just the standard character drawing style for the form, and so Snape gets very "converted" (I find him unrecognizable a lot of the time, mainly because of the absence of the nose). But really, who ever has such a nose in dojinshi, anywhere?

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-01-15 08:15 am (UTC)(link)
That's right, comparing so few fics and djs really doesn't give any conclusive results. Just ideas to consider ;) For the record, this is how I chose the fics: I looked at a big JP/SS fic list containing several hundred fics, whittled out those that were over a certain length and those written outside of a certain time period, actually read the rest (about twenty) and tried to pick the six that were most representative of the rest. I was actually going to make it four, like the djs (chosen from a much smaller sample), but felt the general gist of those twenty couldn't be represented by four fics. I'm going to be using a LOT of fics and djs for the 'big' experiment, in hopes of countering this problem (though I'm sure I'll never manage a lineup appropriately 'representative' of every sort of major tendency in fic about Snape). It does seem to be a trend that JP/SS in dojinshi is, on the whole, a lot more 'romantic' than in fic, and JP/SS in fics seems to have a little more variety in it. I wonder how often Snape is cast as the dominant partner in djs, really. I don't seem to come across that nearly as much as in fic.

But really, who ever has such a nose in dojinshi, anywhere?

Nobody much, as far as I can see. It struck me because the nose really is Snape's trademark (English-language fans virtually never ignore it, even in visual media like fanart), and I had trouble picking out Snape in dojinshi at first, too. I wonder if there's a reason why having a big hooked nose can't seem to be constructed as 'attractive' in some way or another in djs. Fics seem to manage well enough :)

Do monster villains in manga/anime sometimes have big hooked noses? No examples jump to mind immediately, but it's the only sort of character I can even imagine having a nose that isn't small or straight. Even human villains tend to have something bishie about them.

I'm going to have to check Japanese-language fic and other things fans have written about Snape to see if the nose does appear in non-visual media.

[identity profile] splintercat.livejournal.com 2009-01-28 05:54 am (UTC)(link)
Hi, I clicked on your journal after seeing you comment somewhere (in fandom's current racism debacle/debate, to be honest). I just wanted to say that you have my dream job. I hope I can study something this interesting for my Ph.D! (Of course, first I have to get off LJ and write this Confucius response paper so I can get my undergraduate degree.)

I can't add anything to your observations, except to mention that reading the fic summaries and the doujinshi summaries right next to each other is surreal. I'm not sure the djka and the fanfic writers were reading the same books here - and, of course, that's what makes it fun. Good luck!

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-01-28 09:53 am (UTC)(link)
Thanks! I hope you find something great to do for your Ph.D. The last few years I see more and more undergraduate students at my university picking pop culture-related subjects for master's theses and such, and many of them wonder at first if they'll be "allowed" to study games/manga/whatnot, or if it's "useful". It doesn't matter what subject you pick, really, so long as you have enough trustworthy sources to work with and actually have something intelligent and meaningful to say about it. Good luck to you too!

Oh, do I know what you mean about how different those stories sound. The first HP dj I picked up was so discombobulating that I just had to find out more. It's even more striking if you actually see the djs. (There are scanlation sites...)

The racism debate made me realize what a clueless arse I can be and how little our institutions of learning actually teach us. Probably would've taken me another ten years to realize if I hadn't started hanging around here. *hugs LJ* It made me think a lot about how white Japanese studies people like me actually approach the non-white people we've made a livelihood out of studying. But I'll post about that once I've finished thinking it through.

[identity profile] splintercat.livejournal.com 2009-01-29 11:43 pm (UTC)(link)
I can't even get my head around most of the racism debate - my rule is just to keep reminding myself that I'm a clueless white person and I need to let people who know what they're talking about do the talking. The position we're in, being white and studying Japan, is something I've also been considering - but I don't know what to say about it, besides sometimes joking that I'm majoring in cultural appropriation. It's complicated, to say the least.

:) LJ has taught me so much - about race relations, about writing and literary criticism, about academia, but most of all, about how not to make a complete idiot out of myself most of the time. *also hugs LJ*

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-02-02 09:30 am (UTC)(link)
majoring in cultural appropriation

Er. We kind of are, aren't we? *shudder* Definitely need to think on this more.

[identity profile] raisin-gal.livejournal.com 2009-02-08 09:22 am (UTC)(link)
Found you through seeing [livejournal.com profile] yumekutteikt pimp your project on [livejournal.com profile] fujoshi. This is a topic that has fascinated me a lot in the recent years, so I'm extremely happy to see someone tackling it!! :)

I'm not very sure if you're ready just yet to start planning a PhD diss. dealing with the yaoi genre, though. Most if not all of your tentative questions listed above strike me as so off base that they don't even seem applicable or comparable to the yaoi sphere. Like, if we wanted to study a tribe in a remote jungle and objectively understand how their value system works, to compare how it's similar to or dissimilar to the value system we're familiar with, it wouldn't be a good idea to start by questioning what their view of Jesus Christ is, you know? That's the way your questions tend to sound to me -- for instance where you talk about pairings and canonicity. (Even though I do feel there might be some difference in the two cultures' attitudes to canonicity.)

What I mean is... Look. In OotP, James jumps on Snape out of nowhere, ganging up on him with another male character, and knocks him over, gags him with soap water, then pins him upside down by his ankles. Exposing his bare thighs and graying underwear, for the clear purpose of public humiliation. Then he proceeds to taunt him about maybe exposing his genitals to "who[ever] wants to see" this happen.

That's classic kichiku (http://bangin.wordpress.com/2007/08/03/the-classification-for-%E6%94%BB%E3%82%81seme-and-%E5%8F%97%E3%81%91uke/) Seme behavior, in mainstream yaoi waters. You don't need to show that scene again, as the whole sequence requires no re-interpretation. It's all there. Much better to spend the time (or pages) exploring what *else* might be going on with these two characters, as suits their canonically shown dynamics.

And kichiku tops tend to be rapists *and* loving; their victims tend to (at least eventually) love them back. Things aren't as black-and-white as consensual vs. non-consensual (or dubious-consent) because in Japanese yaoi, the default is for the bottom to not want to have the sex they're having while loving it at the same time. Think "your mouth says no...," only the whole thing is internalized so that the bottom often sincerely *thinks* "no" while feeling "yes" somewhere deep down all at once. (*)
((*) And yes, I personally find myself deeply disturbed by this whole cultural norm, but just because the RL world should be regulated by strict adherence to the principle of censensuality doesn't mean it's always useful to analyze a fictional culture from the sole value-based viewpoint of whether it agrees or disagrees with our own notion of goodness.)

Which brings us to Snape, whose vehement hatred towards James (both observed through Harry's pensieve POV and referred to by various characters) can be directly interpreted as another yaoi archetype, the Tsundere (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsundere) (which is usually a girl or an uke). He bares his teeth at you everytime he sees you, but he cares that much only because he actually secretly loves you. He's just extremely shy to the point of violent confrontation. That's a well-ingrained archetype. So you see how I mean you have to immerse yourself in the culture first to even postulate the question about what's going on? When Harry encounters Snape Harry doesn't act particularly Seme-ish (and indeed there's quite a lot of Snape x Harry fics out there), but Snape is still acting extremely Tsundere-ishly. That's a cultural factor that doesn't seem present in the Western slashland.

Obviously these are just my two cents, and I'm far from well-read in all of HP yaoidom (which is pretty huge, and ranges from mangas to textual fanfics) much less in a position to compare it to HP slashdom. If you're thinking seriously about analyzing the yaoi narrative texts I'm sure you're already familiar with several main search engines in Japan, so if I were you I'd browse through several dozen dojinka sites before setting up any analytical framework. And read lots of meta written by culturally-Japanese yaoists.

I wish I could help you more, but this is about all I have energy for at the moment. Wishing you the best of luck in your research!

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-02-08 11:13 pm (UTC)(link)
(Part 1)

Hey, thanks for commenting! *goes over to check out comm* I'm not as immersed in the culture as I could be, but not to fear, I'm definitely not completely ignorant ;) I've been reading boy's love manga for about a decade and did a master's thesis on them over three years ago. Of course there's such a huge mass of information now that wasn't available to me back then, and while I'm familiar with yaoi in commercial manga, I really don't know much about the peculiarities of yaoi in dojinshi yet. So while my knowledge of yaoi mechanics and Japanese fandom certainly isn't overly in-depth (not always clear on terminology, for instance, thanks for the link!), I'm familiar with the basics of seme and uke behaviour. Like the non-con/dub-con issue. I'm not being very clear on that in the post -it's part of an unpublished paper that does mention the topic. Sorry about the misunderstanding, I'll edit the post.

The main purpose of the project is to document the contents of dojinshi, something that hasn't been done in (non-Japanese) academia as far as I'm aware. A secondary goal is to raise questions/offer a range of possible explanations about the narrative differences observed between HP fanfic and dojinshi, in a very very open-ended fashion. Like this. Not trying for a 'How the Japanese Mind Works' here. *shivers*

That lack of research on dojinshi is why I'm starting out from a comparison with fanfic. I really know very little about dj (as opposed to commercial manga), and comparing it with something that has been researched far more intensively may help me stay within a sensible theoretical framework and offer me interesting/fun clues about things in dojinshi that warrant more in-depth research. If a question is too fic-centric and won't lead to relevant/interesting speculation about dojinshi, I hope that'll become obvious as I gather and analyze more data and as lovely knowledgeable people like you help me figure it out. Over time, I'll get better at spotting what's relevant and what may not be. It's a long-time project and I'm optimistic ;) Thanks for pointing out oddities, I really appreciate it.

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-02-08 11:19 pm (UTC)(link)
(Part 2)

You don't need to show that scene again, as the whole sequence requires no re-interpretation.

I like that take on the underpants scene. Maybe I'd better not go into this before I've looked at more than a few dozen JP/SS dj, but I got the impression that djka made very little mention of the few canon interactions between these two. Is this common in dojinshi? Barely referencing canon scenes at all, or not showing re-interpretations of canon scenes, because it's believed that the canon scene has already established what happened? That could be taken either as "It was perfectly logical seme behaviour so we don't have anything to add to it" or "We're glossing over that bit".

It hadn't occurred to me to interpret the canon scene as just a seme being nasty, but it really is reminiscent of some of the more spectacularly vicious stunts some seme pull on their poor uke. Damn, I've been reading too much fic and not enough manga these last few years. (On an irrational level, I do hate James rather much like I've disliked a whole host of cold-blooded seme over the years ;) My first yaoi series was Zetsuai, and I've never despised any character as much as Koji.) The only problem I can see with it is that in most dojinshi, James doesn't act cold towards Snape at all, but rather like the 'wanko-zeme' as described in the link. But maybe being a kichiku-zeme in the original doesn't mean he can't be reincarnated quite smoothly as a different kind of seme in a dj.

[livejournal.com profile] mithen mentioned the possibility that since acting like a bully in school isn't considered quite that aberrant in Japan, James' actions might not have seemed that horrible/unforgivable. A combination of this sentiment and the kichiku-zeme trope, and voilà, instant James-doesn't-really-hate-Snape?

Dojinshi aren't a reflection of the real world in any way, of course, and neither are fics, but I really do get the idea (in this very limited test) that fic writers were interpreting the scene in way that's far more 'realistic' -trying to fit it into the 'real world' of canon and the real-life concept of bullying- while djka felt more comfortable drifting away from the vaguely realistic interpersonal relationships in canon. Stripping someone naked in front of the whole school in real life wouldn't be interpreted as a legitimate way to express romantic interest anywhere. Whatever the reason why, djka do seem inclined to divorce their universe from reality in a far more drastic fashion than fic writers. (But now I'm dabbling in that lovely question of 'how realistic is the canon', so I'll back off and go to bed before my head explodes.)

(By the way, I'm going to be looking at text-only Japanese fanwork as well later, but not as in-depth as dojinshi -more to check whether these fic narratives are significantly different from dj narratives. I might change my mind about that as I learn more about Japanese fics.)

I wish I could help you more, but this is about all I have energy for at the moment. Wishing you the best of luck in your research!

Tired too, I do hope I made some sense here :) Thank you very, very much! (Your journal looks interesting, by the way. May I friend?)
Edited 2009-02-09 09:49 (UTC)

[identity profile] raisin-gal.livejournal.com 2009-02-09 12:45 pm (UTC)(link)
Oh dear. ::Does the dogeza bow::

You know what, you're way more of an insider of the culture than me then. Probably to the point where your intuition is much sharper than mine (at least definitely about BL, of which I know next to nothing, and maybe even about dojins too). I'm really sorry for the patronizing tone I took with you! I kind of tend to knee-jerk about these things and... Yeah. Not going to make excuses, but I'm very sorry, and want to thank you for your lighthearted response.

Re: the canon scene thing, I've been thinking, and one thing that's more relevant might be the medium. With manga, fannish originality is harder to maintain, because in fic a quote is a quote and that's obvious, but with manga-style dojin work that's not based in a visual-medium canon(*), it's hard to try not to duplicate other people's idea, composition, frame angle, etc., of a popular scene by accident. ((*) Movie-based dojins seem a slightly different matter, and there we do get people depicting the same prominent scene over and over -- e.g. I've seen lots of PoA-related Snarry dojins that depict the map confiscation scene in the corridor, either the way it was or, more frequently, in parody form.)

Or so I think. I'm not really sure as I don't draw at all... But I do see a lot of artists worrying about their ideas not being original enough to make theirs a unique picture.

Or maybe, another relevant thing is that the dojins you have tend to be less "canonically" (?) kichiku-ish. I can't really tell because I also tend to gravitate away from kichiku-zemes...

Anyway, now I'm really intrigued with your research. Please let me know of your publications when you make them, if that's all right! And sure, friend away (though I'll warn you my LJ usually consists of examining HP canon in an extremely harsh light) and you might like to join fujoshi, too, if you want to meet more fen in Japanese-speaking waters. There's quite a few HP people I think, although I don't know if any of them go for James/Snape.

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-02-12 11:08 pm (UTC)(link)
*bows back* No, that's okay. I'm really not an insider when it comes to dojinshi, I've only researched commercial boys' love manga and I've never studied or been actively involved in Japanese fandom. And in the unlikely event that I am more of an insider than you (whatever it is we mean by 'insider'), that really doesn't matter a thing. With most of the people I've talked with online, I have no clue whether they've been studying fandom for three decades or just heard of dojinshi last week, and it doesn't matter, because it certainly doesn't seem to make their observations any less or more valid or interesting. While insiders may be better at making educated guesses, they can lack information, misinterpret it, or just plain screw up. They do so all the bloody time. 'Outsiders' are just as capable of finding holes in arguments as 'insiders', maybe better at spotting promising connections or possibilities from left field, and know if not more, then certainly different things about the topic at hand. And I'm not an insider as far as dojinshi go, though aiming to rectify that, of course.

So thanks again for commenting. When people say they smell stupid, there usually is some actual stupid somewhere, in the content or the presentation or both. I am tackling this too much from the fanfic perspective and not considering yaoi-based possible explanations enough. I've read way more fic than yaoi manga/dojinshi during the last couple of years, and my yaoi intuition -such as it is- obviously isn't as keen as it used to be. The nasty seme thing just didn't jump to mind at all, and it should've. *headdesk* I'm going to re-read all those things about yaoi that I thought I knew by now, and then add some more questions/speculation.

Re: the canon scene thing, I've been thinking, and one thing that's more relevant might be the medium. With manga, fannish originality is harder to maintain, because in fic a quote is a quote and that's obvious, but with manga-style dojin work that's not based in a visual-medium canon(*), it's hard to try not to duplicate other people's idea, composition, frame angle, etc., of a popular scene by accident.

That sounds like a likely explanation. So maybe it's all right to draw a scene that was in the movies pretty much the way it looked on screen, because it's obvious where the 'quote'/inspiration came from, but drawing something that's overly reminiscent of another fan's work isn't nearly as acceptable. It's ever so much easier to spot resemblances between two pictures than two texts. (I don't draw much, but I do have to make a conscious effort to let other pics inspire me but still make my version of the characters different. Wouldn't want to be accused of copying someone else's Snape or Harry. It never occurred to me before now, but I never had this problem of actively having to avoid copying back when I still wrote fic.) A shame the underpants scene was so different in the movie, that rather complicates judging fans' interpretation of it. English-language fanwork seems to be uniformly ignoring the movie as far as that scene is concerned, but maybe that's different with djs. I'm going to look for djs that do reference it.

I've been wondering how to distinguish between movieverse and bookverse fanwork. It seems like a very significant distinction to make, particularly for dojinshi, but I'm not sure if it would be practically doable. Unless the djka actually says somewhere that it's bookverse or movieverse (some do and some don't, it seems), I doubt I'd ever be one hundred percent sure one way or another. Oh well. Trying to figure it out won't hurt.

Or maybe, another relevant thing is that the dojins you have tend to be less "canonically" (?) kichiku-ish.

Sorry, could you maybe phrase that differently? I'm not sure I follow :)

Also, very sorry for the late reply. Innate slowness and evil translation deadlines. I'm definitely joining fujoshi, though I'll lurk for a while first. It's tempting to jump in now, but I'm going to do that yaoi refresher course first.

[identity profile] raisin-gal.livejournal.com 2009-02-13 11:21 am (UTC)(link)
Thanks! And sorry, by that line I just meant, if your collection happens to consist mainly of non-kichiku!James stories, it's understandable why that kichiku-ish scene wouldn't be depicted in them. True, in English-speaking fanfic waters the challenge tends to lie exactly in explaining those pivotal canon scenes away... but then, not necessarily so, when you think of certain circles of ficcers. (There are specific shippers, for instance, who prefer to ignore certain canon pairings rather than explain them away every time they start a new story.)

[identity profile] fanficforensics.livejournal.com 2009-02-15 11:18 am (UTC)(link)
Ah, yes. I choose those four djs out of a pool of approximately twenty JP/SS djs I had at my disposal, and which I'd pulled off a shelf in a dj store completely at random (this was before I'd even thought of making them into a research project) without looking at the contents first. One of the four has kichiku!James, and I wondered whether or not to include that one because the very large majority of stories in those twenty -more than three fourths- had him being really lovey-dovey. Twenty is no statistically relevant sample by any definition, but I've got a shipment of a couple of hundred Snape djs coming in (yay). I'll definitely let you know what sort of James pops up the most.

Maybe it's just the very popular ships in which canon pairings are often just ignored instead of explained away? If a story is advertised as Snarry, we all know that 95% of the time, the story is going to end with Snape and Harry either shagging or more or less happily in love, and Ginny out of the picture. Nobody is going to blame the author if she decides to skip the removing-Ginny part. Everyone and their mum has already written a story explaining the myriad ways in which Ginny might be moved aside to make room for Snarry. But if we read a story in which, say, Lily leaves James for Sirius, we want some sort of justification with that because Lily-leaving-James isn't a concept we're very familiar with. And 'familiar with' equals 'more accepting of', I think, in the case of shipping. (I haven't read many Lily-and-Sirius stories, at least not stories that involved a longtime relationship rather than a one-off. Sorry if they're out there, I missed them, and this is a bad example. There was some Lily-leaving-James-for-Snape revisionism after DH, though, I suspect because canon had given us a very obvious rival for James and a lot of people like Snape ever so much more than James anyway.)